Hydroxyapatite Series Products

Oliver-Urrutia, C.; et al. Biomaterials Advances. 2025, 166: 214079.

This study introduces the first fabrication of porous titanium/hydroxyapatite interpenetrating phase composites through an innovative processing method. The approach combines additive manufacturing of a customized titanium skeleton with the infiltration of injectable hydroxyapatite foam, followed by in situ foam hardening at physiological temperature. This biomimetic process circumvents ceramic sintering and metal casting, effectively avoiding the formation of secondary phases that can impair mechanical performance. Hydroxyapatite foams, prepared using two foaming agents (polysorbate 80 and gelatine), significantly reinforce the titanium skeleton while preserving the microstructural characteristics essential for osteoinductive properties. These interpenetrating phase composites feature a network of concave pores with an optimal size for bone repair, support human osteoblast proliferation, and exhibit mechanical properties compatible with bone, offering a promising solution for the efficient and personalized reconstruction of large bone defects.

Yan, X.; et al. Scientific Reports. 2025, 15(1): 28557.

The prolonged setting duration of mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) constitutes one of its principal limitations. In contrast, Nano Fast Cement (NFC) emerges as an innovative nanocomposite characterized by a rapid setting time. To develop outstanding dental filler, hydroxyapatite nanoparticles (NHA) were incorporated into NFC to evaluate their effects on setting time, biocompatibility, bioactivity, and antibacterial properties. Specimens containing 0, 10, and 20 weight% (W%) hydroxyapatite were subjected to assessment utilizing the MTT assay for cytotoxicity, the Gilmore needle for measuring setting time, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) for microstructural and phase analyses, as well as antibacterial evaluations against Enterococcus faecalis (PTCC 1394). Phase and microstructural investigations confirmed the formation of hydroxyapatite. The addition of 10 and 20 W% hydroxyapatite significantly improved the specimens' bioactivity while reducing toxicity by 20%. An increase in hydroxyapatite content corresponded with a greater enhancement in bioactivity and a further reduction in toxicity. These findings indicate that the addition of NHA did not detrimentally affect the physical properties of NFC; rather, it augmented the filler's bioactivity in vitro.

Sebastiammal, S.; et al. Surfaces and Interfaces. 2024, 44: 103779.

In this study, the synthesis of Mg²⁺ substituted hydroxyapatite nanostructures was conducted through the sol-gel method employing different surfactants, namely polyethylene glycol and cetyltrimethylammonium bromide. The resulting nanoparticles were subjected to analysis to evaluate their structural, morphological, and optical characteristics. The antimicrobial and antioxidant behavior of the Mg²⁺ doped hydroxyapatite nanoparticles were also studied. The XRD analysis showed a hexagonal crystal structure for Mg²⁺ doped hydroxyapatite nanostructures for all samples. The Raman and FTIR results also confirmed the successful substitution of divalent cation Mg²⁺ in hydroxyapatite. EDAX results exhibited the qualitative elemental composition and stoichiometric nature of synthesized hydroxyapatite. The optical study showed higher transmission in the visible region for the Mg²⁺ doped hydroxyapatite prepared using various surfactants. The microbial restriction efficacy of Mg²⁺ doped hydroxyapatite prepared using various surfactants was examined against human pathogenic bacterias Shigella flexneri (MTCC-2197), Escherichia coli (MTCC-4213), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (MTCC-3131), Klebseilla pneumoniae (MTCC-1214), and Staphylococcus aureus (MTCC-3123). The hydroxyapatite nano biomaterial doped with Mg²⁺ demonstrates remarkable antibacterial, antifungal, and antioxidant properties. The HeLa cell lines exhibited significant cytotoxicity when exposed to magnesium ion-doped hydroxyapatite nanoparticles.